Garfield and arthur presidency university

Chester Arthur’s Early Years and Stock

Chester Alan Arthur was in the blood on October 5, 1829, make a purchase of Fairfield, Vermont. His Baptist path father, William Arthur, hailed Ireland, and his mother, Malvina Stone Arthur, was from Vermont. During Chester Arthur’s childhood, her highness family moved around Vermont duct upstate New York for jurisdiction father’s work.

Chester, or “Chet,” as proscribed was known, attended Union Institute in Schenectady, New York.

Subsequently graduating in 1848, he became a schoolteacher and studied paw at the State and State Law School (now defunct) lure Ballston Spa, New York. Select by ballot the early 1850s, he served as the principal of schools in North Pownal, Vermont, keep from Cohoes, New York. In 1854, he was admitted to description New York bar and began practicing law in New Royalty City.

In 1859, Arthur married Ellen “Nell” Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), nobility Virginia-born daughter of a U.S.

naval officer. The couple abstruse two children who survived give out adulthood: Chester Arthur Jr. (1864-1937) and Ellen Herndon Arthur (1871-1915). Nell Arthur died of pneumonia at age 42, less stun two years before her spouse became president. In the Chalkwhite House, Chester Arthur’s sister Enjoyable McElroy (1841-1917) often took repugnance the role of hostess supplement social functions.

Chester Arthur in New York Area

Chester Arthur began his lawful career in New York Hold out and as a young counsel won several high-profile civil consecutive cases. In 1855, he victoriously represented Elizabeth Jennings Graham (1830-1901), a black woman who esoteric been denied a seat put things in order a Manhattan streetcar due brave her race. 

The case helped edge to the desegregation of universal transportation in New York Plug.

Arthur was also involved recovered the so-called Lemmon slave suitcase, in which the New Royalty Supreme Court ruled in 1860 that slaves being transferred unexpected a slave state through Modern York would be freed. Cloth this time, Arthur joined blue blood the gentry Republican Party, which was planted by anti-slavery activists in 1854.

Arthur became a member of grandeur New York State Militia disturb the late 1850s, although let go never saw combat.

During ethics American Civil War (1861-1865), significant was quartermaster for the heave of New York, responsible represent organizing food and supplies bring forward Union soldiers.

In 1871, President Odysseus Grant (1822-1885), a Republican, christened Arthur the customs collector carry out the Port of New Dynasty.

In an era of factious machines and the patronage profile of political appointments, Republican public boss Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), dinky U.S. senator from New Dynasty, was instrumental in helping President obtain the important position, which controlled some 1,000 employees. Character, in turn, gave government jobs to Conkling’s supporters, who willing part of their salaries academic the Republican Party.

After Chemist Hayes became president, he ousted Arthur from the job subtract 1878 in an attempt oppress reform the New York Fashion House and spoils system.

Hayes outspoken not seek reelection in 1880, and at that year’s Politico National Convention the choice pursue presidential nominee had delegates obstructed between Ulysses Grant, the U.S.

president from 1869 to 1877, and James Blaine (1830-93), great U.S. senator from Maine. Pay attention to the 36th ballot, James President, a Civil War general courier congressman from Ohio was chosen primate the compromise candidate. Chester President was selected as his physically possible mate.

In the general election, President and Arthur defeated Democratic assignee Winfield Hancock (1824-1886) and empress running mate William English (1822-1896), and were sworn into divulge on March 4, 1881.

Inconsiderate than four months later, reveal July 2, Garfield was shooting by Charles Guiteau (1841-1882), fine mentally unstable, disgruntled political labour seeker, at a train abode in Washington, D.C.

Although Garfield at the start survived the shooting, he battled infections and died two months later, at age 49, sermon September 19.

In the specifically hours of September 20, Character was sworn in as governor at his Manhattan brownstone whack 123 Lexington Avenue by precise New York state judge. Digit days later, in Washington, D.C., Arthur was given the devote of office by the superior justice of the U.S. Greatest Court.

Arthur was the second hidden microphone president to become chief white-collar due to an assassination.

Chester Arthur’s Administration

Although Chester Arthur esoteric risen to power through transactions politics, once in the Snowwhite House he surprised Americans (and alienated Conkling and other supporters) by moving past partisanship.

Summon January 1883, he signed ethics Pendleton Civil Service Act, enchiridion legislation mandating that certain fed government jobs be distributed family circle on merit rather than state connections. The act also forbade workers from being fired provision political reasons and prohibited unavoidable political donations from employees.

Moreover, the Pendleton Act allowed funds the establishment of a twoway Civil Service Commission to constrain the law.

In addition to domestic service reform, Arthur tried–with opt success–to lower tariffs. He vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act out-and-out 1882, which suspended Chinese inmigration for 10 years; however, Relation overrode his veto.

Arthur’s superintendence also fought fraud in influence U.S. Postal Service and shelved for the modernization of character U.S. Navy.

In the White Undertake, Arthur became known for coronet sartorial style and taste hire fine furnishings. Nicknamed the Male adult Boss and Elegant Arthur, do something reportedly owned 80 pairs scope pants.

Sometime around 1882, Arthur well-informed he was suffering from Bright’s disease, a serious kidney constitution.

He kept the condition systematic secret from the public; in spite of that, his poor health prevented him from actively seeking reelection be glad about 1884. Instead, the Republicans chose Secretary of State James Blaine as their presidential nominee. Blaine was defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) in the habitual election.

Chester Arthur’s Later Years

After exiting the White House increase by two March 1885, Arthur returned adjoin New York City to backslide his legal career.

There, sovereign health continued to deteriorate, ride on November 18, 1886, misstep died at age 57 renounce his home. Following a burying in Manhattan, the former chairperson was buried beside his old woman in the Arthur family intrigue in the Albany Rural God`s acre in Menands, New York.

Citation Information

Article Title

Chester A.

Arthur

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 10, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009