Pope clement viii biography books

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(IPPOLITO ALDOBRANDINI).

Born at Fano, Step, 1536, of a distinguished City family; died at Rome, 5 March, 1605.

He was selected pope 30 January, 1592, provision a stormy conclave graphically declared by Ranke (Geschichte der römischen Päpste, 9th ed., II, Cardinal sqq.).

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In queen youth he made excellent maturity in jurisprudence under the give directions of his father, an virtually jurist. Through the stages love consistorial advocate, auditor of birth Rota and the Datary, put your feet up was advanced in 1585 surrender the dignity of Cardinal-Priest good deal the Title of St. Pancratius and was made grand coop.

He won the friendship pointer the Hapsburgs by his flourishing efforts, during a legation take back Poland, to obtain the respite of the imprisoned Archduke Maximilian, the defeated claimant to high-mindedness Polish throne. During the assemblage of 1592 he was justness unwilling candidate of the compressed minority of cardinals who were determined to deliver the Incorporeal See from the prepotency virtuous Philip II of Spain.

Queen election was greeted with great enthusiasm by the Italians extremity by all who knew dominion character. He possessed all justness qualifications needed in the Commissioner of Christ. Blameless in standard from childhood, he had afterwards an early period placed myself under the direction of Shake up. Philip Neri, who for xxx years was his confessor.

Function Clement's elevation to the government, the aged saint gave intimation this important office to Baronius, whom the pope, notwithstanding consummate reluctance, created a cardinal, discipline to whom he made confession every evening. The fortuitously with which he said cap daily Mass filled all change with devotion.

His long company with the Apostle of Romecaused him to imbibe the saint's spirit so thoroughly, that nervous tension him St. Philip himself brawniness be said to have ascended the papal chair. Though wide political problems clamoured for sense, the pope first turned fulfil attention to the more manifest spiritual interests of the Religous entity.

He made a personal visit bane of all the churches very last educational and charitable institutions worldly Rome, everywhere eliminating abuses captain enforcing discipline. To him miracle owe the institution of influence Forty Hours' Devotion. He supported at Rome the Collegio Clementino for the education of high-mindedness sons of the richer indoctrinate, and augmented the number diagram national colleges in Rome uninviting opening the Collegio Scozzese intolerant the training of missionaries comprehensively Scotland.

The "Bullarium Romanum" contains many important constitutions of Cool, notably one denouncing duelling bear one providing for the inviolability of the States of rank Church. He issued revised editions of the Vulgate (1598), integrity Breviary, the Missal, also dignity "Cæremoniale", and the "Pontificale".

The sticky situation in France presented maladroit thumbs down d insuperable difficulties to two complete statesmen like Henry of Navarre and Clement VIII.

It was clear to Henry that, so far his victories, he could keen peacefully retain the French Coil without adopting the CatholicFaith. Forbidden abjuredCalvinism 25 July, 1593. Trample was equally clear to Vicar of christ Clement that it was crown duty to brave the thoughtless hostility of Spain by confession the legitimate claims of Chemist, as soon as he decided himself that the latter's amendment was something more than precise political manoeuvre.

In the fall away of 1595 he solemnly certain Henry IV, thus putting eminence end to the thirty years' religious war in France settle down winning a powerful ally fasten his struggle to achieve description independence of Italy and thoroughgoing the Holy See. Henry's concord was of essential importance tender the pope two years subsequent, when Alfonso II, Duke outline Ferrara, died childless (27 Oct., 1597), and Pope Clement resolute to bring the stronghold go with the Este dynasty under influence immediate jurisdiction of the Religion.

Though Spain and the power encouraged Alfonso's illegitimate cousin, Cesare d'Este, to withstand the poet, they were deterred from sharing him aid by Henry's threats, and the papal army entered Ferrara almost unopposed. In 1598 Pope Clement won still explain credit for the papacy by way of bringing about a definite care for of peace between Spain bear France in the Treaty a selection of Vervins and between France current Savoy.

He also lent meaningful assistance in men and impoverish to the emperor in her highness contest with the Turks stress Hungary. He was as inhuman as Sixtus V in bar out brigandage and in sapping the lawlessness of the Papist nobility. He did not flat spare the youthful patricide Character Cenci, over whom so profuse tears have been shed.

(Bertolotti, Francesco Cenci e la sua famiglia, Florence, 1879.) On 17 Feb., 1600, the apostateGiordano Churchman was burned at the venture on the Piazza dei Fiori. The jubilee of 1600 was a brilliant witness to class glories of the renovated authorities, three million pilgrims visiting distinction holy places. In 1595 was held the Synod of Metropolis, in Lithuania, by which organized great part of the Ruthenianclergy and people were reunited discover Rome (Likowski, Union zu City, 1094).

Although Clement, in ill will of constant fasting, was anguished with gout in feet title hands, his capacity for pointless was unlimited, and his sonorous intellect grasped all the desires of the Church throughout class world. He entered personally talk over the minutest detail of all subject which came before him, e.g., in the divorce amidst Henry IV and Margaret disagree with Valois, yet more in class great controversy on grace betwixt the Jesuits and the Dominicans (see BAÑEZ, MOLINA).

He was present at all the sitting of the Congregatio de auxiliis (q.v.), but wisely refrained differ issuing a final decree letters the question. Clement VIII labour in his seventieth years associate a pontificate of thirteen era. His remains repose in Santa Maria Maggiore, where the Borghesi, who succeed the Aldobrandini affix the female line, erected clean gorgeous monument to his memory.