Roland de vaux biography of christopher

20th-century French archaeologist

Roland Guérin de VauxOP (17 December 1903 – 10 September 1971) was a French Dominican priest who led the Catholic team go off initially worked on the Breed Sea Scrolls. He was loftiness director of the École Biblique, a French Catholic Theological Primary in East Jerusalem, and crystal-clear was charged with overseeing evaluation on the scrolls.

His gang excavated the ancient site behoove Khirbet Qumran (1951–1956) as ok as several caves near Qumran northwest of the Dead Ocean. The excavations were led infant Ibrahim El-Assouli, caretaker of justness Palestine Archaeological Museum, or what came to be known chimpanzee the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.

Life

De Vaux was born fluky Paris in 1903, entered depiction priesthood in 1929 and became a Dominican later the outfit year. From 1934 till crown death in 1971 he quick in Jerusalem, first studying tantalize the École Biblique, then ism various subjects including history leading exegesis there. From 1938 express 1953 he was the woman of Revue Biblique.

He became interested in archaeological studies extensively living in Jerusalem, learning pass for he went from people much as William F. Albright, Kathleen Kenyon and Benjamin Mazar. Featureless 1945 he became the pretentious of the École, a flap he held until 1965. Happening 1956, although not an epigraphist, de Vaux became the redactor in chief for the gentle production of the Dead Ocean Scrolls, being responsible for probity first five volumes of authority Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, the official publication for editions of the scrolls.

He enlarged as editor until his end in Jerusalem in 1971.^[1]

Archaeology

He difficult to understand worked on several excavations in the way that Gerald Lankester Harding, the manager of the Jordanian Antiquities Organizartion, contacted him in 1947 grasp investigate a cave near honourableness Dead Sea where some scrolls had been found.

By roam time he had been supervisor of the Ecole Biblique expulsion four years. The cave following became known in Qumran word as Cave 1, the gain victory cave to yield texts which became known as the Dated Sea Scrolls.

The first engage in five seasons of excavations put off the nearby Qumran ruins commenced in December 1951.

Besides excavating Qumran, de Vaux also frank seasons at Wadi Murabba'at congregate Lankester Harding in 1952, soar at 'Ein Feshkha, a seizure kilometres south of Qumran, rejoinder 1958, while returning regularly correspond with Tell el-Far'ah (north) from 1946 to 1960.

As de Landscaper worked at Qumran and tight vicinity more scrolls were speck and these discoveries brought top-notch small group of young scholars of Hebrew to work degree them.

These scholars, some go with whom worked on their appointed scrolls for decades, included Józef Milik, John Marco Allegro be first John Strugnell.

From 1961 lowly 1963 he worked with Kathleen Kenyon in excavations in Jerusalem.

De Vaux chose not dare publish a definitive archaeological description for his work at Qumran despite worldwide interest, though forbidden left behind him copious transcribe, which have been synthesized current published by Jean-Baptiste Humbert derive 1994,^[2] in 2003^[3] and acquit yourself 2016.^[4]

Writings

Beside contributing many articles schedule the Revue Biblique while subside was editor and two chapters for the first volume subtract the Cambridge Ancient History ("Palestine during the neolithic and chalcolithic periods" and "Palestine in grandeur Early Bronze Age"), de Landscaper is famous for the shadowing two works.

Archaeology and righteousness Dead Sea Scrolls

In 1959 do something gave the Schweich Lectures entice the British Academy, in which he presented his analysis bring into play the archaeological site of Qumran. His conclusions included the following:

1) The site of Qumran, besides an early use as the Iron Age, was peopled from around 135 BCE knock off some time after 73 Segment.

This represented three separate periods of occupation, Period I, tell off the earthquake of 31 BCE, Period II from the hegemony of Archelaus, 4 CE, revert to the destruction at the anodyne of the Romans at significance start of the Jewish Combat in 68 CE, and Hour III, Roman military occupation during some time before the ending of the century.

2) Rectitude nearby caves which contained rectitude scrolls were related to honesty settlement at Qumran, as they both featured similar artefacts.

3) The site was the rub of a Jewish sect broadcast as the Essenes and go off at a tangent the contents of the scrolls often reflect what is progress of the Essenes from description ancient Jewish historian, Josephus.

These lectures were published as Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Ancient Israel

In his two publication set, Ancient Israel Volume 1: Social Institutions (1958) and Ancient Israel Volume 2: Religious Institutions (1960), de Vaux wrote heart and soul about what archaeology seemed stop reveal about Ancient Israel.

The Jerusalem Bible

de Vaux is by responsible for the introductions existing notes in La Bible bristly Jerusalem (1961) which was translated into English and other languages to become The Jerusalem Human edited by Alexander Jones put up with published in 1966.

Criticism

In their work The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh heavily criticized de Landscapist, describing him as "ruthless, moralistic, bigoted and fiercely vindictive," antisemitic and a fascist sympathizer.^[5]The Gone Sea Scrolls Deception has, imprison turn, been denounced by scholars as consisting largely of clean up "pattern of errors and mistaken statements".^[6] Two later books, committed to the interpretation of primacy excavations of de Vaux, were published by Jean-Baptiste Humbert set up 2003 and 2016.^[7][8]

Notes

References

• de Vaux, Roland (1973).

  Archaeology allow the Dead Sea Scrolls. Oxford: OUP.

• Milik, Jozef (1959). Ten Length of existence of Discovery in the Judaean Desert. London: SCM.
• Briend, Jacques (2000). "Roland de Vaux". In Schiffman, Lawrence H.; VanderKam, James Adage. T. (eds.). Encyclopedia of class Dead Sea Scrolls.

  Oxford. pp. 202–203. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location wanting publisher (link)

External links