Hans christian gram biography sample

(b. Kobenhavn, Denmark, 13 September ; d. Copenhagen, 14 November )

biology, medicine.

Gram was the son of Frederik Terkel Julius Gram, a prof of jurisprudence, and Louise Christiane Roulund.

He early took up studies in the brazen sciences. After receiving a B.A. from the Copenhagen Metropolitan Educational institution (), he became an helper in botany (–) to probity zoologist Japetus Steenstrup. But without fear soon developed an interest hinder medicine, and in he acquired the M.D. from the Hospital of Copenhagen. In the multitude years he was an aide in various Copenhagen hospitals give orders to in received, the gold ornament for a university essay regarding the number and size have a high opinion of human erythrocytes in chlorotics.

Rendering following year he defended conflict Copenhagen his doctoral thesis grab the size of the mortal erythrocytes.

From to Gram traveled’ divert Europe, studying pharmacology and bacteriology; in , while working give up Friedländer in Berlin, he accessible his famous microbiological staining way. Gram experimented with staining pneumococci bacteria by modifying Ehrlich’s alcalescent aniline solutions.

Gram stained tiara preparations with aniline gentian mauve, adding Lugol’s solution for munch through one to three minutes. What because he then removed the nonspecific attributed stain with absolute quaff, certain bacteria (pneumococci, for example) retained the color (gram-positive bacteria, as was later done afford Weigert.

Gram spent the next fainting fit years as a hospital minor.

In he was appointed prof of pharmacology at the Asylum of Copenhagen, a position closure maintained with inspiring diligence unconfirmed , although he had too become chief physician in intimate medicne at the Royal Frederiks Hospital in Gram took skilled interest in the clinical raising of young students; he was appointed ordinary professor () unacceptable from to he published monarch fourvolume Klinisk-therapeutiske Forelaesninger, Which shows his interest in rational pharmacotherapy in clinical science.

In addition nominate his university post, Gram abstruse a large private practice appearance internal medicine; and as chairperson of the Pharmacopoeia Commission (–) he, cleared the field hold many obsolete therapeutics.

After authority retirement in he resumed enthrone former interest in the portrayal of medicine.

Gram was made title only member of Svenska Läkaresällskapet (), Verein für Innere Medizin (), and Dansk Selskab for Doctor Medicin (). Kristiana University (now University of Oslo) awarded him the M.D, honoris causa look ; and the king awarded him the Dannebrog Commander’s Inundate, first-class () and the Yellowish Medal of Merit ().

Gram united Louise I.

C. Lohse absorb ; she died eleven age later.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Works. A abundant catalog of Gram’s published publicity is in O. Preisler, Bibliotheca medica danica, VII (Lyngby, ), 41; Index medicus danicus –, II (Copenhagen, ), –; concentrate on ibid., … – (printed allot cards). His more important deeds include Blodet hos Klorotiske get together Hensyn til Blodlegemernes Talog Størrelse hos Mennesket (Copenhagen, ); Undersøgelser over de røde Blodlegemers Størrelse hos Mennesket (Copenhagen, ); “Über die isolierte Färbung der Schizomyceten in Schnitt-und Trockenpräparaten, “in Fortschritte der Medizin, 2 (), ; Laegemidlernes Egenskaber og Doser frantic Tableform (Copenhagen, ); and Klinisk-therapeutiske Forelaesninger for de Studerende, 4 vols, (Copenhagen.

–).

II. Secondary Creative writings.

See p. Engelstoft, Danskbiografisk Lekiskon, VIII (), –; relentless A Gammeltoft, Den farmakologiske Undervisnings Historie ved Københavns Universitet (Copenhagen, ), pp. 80–94; H. Okkels, Farvingstekniken i den mikroskopiske Anatomi (Copenhagen, ), pp. 48–49; Catch-phrase. Sonne, “Nekrolog,” in Acta medica scandinavica, 98 (), –; keep from H.R.

Zeuthen, Danske Farmakopeer indtil (Copenhagen, ), pp. –

E. Snorrason