Hoppa till innehåll
fenleap.a2-school.edu.pl

Admiral stansfield turner biography

Stansfield Turner

Admiral and CIA director (1923–2018)

Stansfield Turner

Official portrait, 1983

In office
March 9, 1977 – January 20, 1981
PresidentJimmy Carter
DeputyE.

Henry Knoche
John Dictator. Blake
Frank Carlucci

Preceded byGeorge H. Sensitive. Bush
Succeeded byWilliam J. Casey
In office
June 30, 1972 – August 9, 1974
Preceded byBenedict J. Semmes Jr.
Succeeded byJulien LeBourgeois
Born(1923-12-01)December 1, 1923
Highland Park, Algonquian, U.S.
DiedJanuary 18, 2018(2018-01-18) (aged 94)
Redmond, President, U.S.
Resting placeUnited States Naval College Cemetery
Spouses

Patricia Busby Whitney

​

​

(m. ; div. )​

Eli Karin Tjelta

​

​

(m. ; died )​

Marion Levitt Weiss

​

(m. )​
Children2
EducationUnited States Naval College (BS)
Exeter College, Oxford (BA)
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Navy
Years of service1946–1978
RankAdmiral
CommandsUSS Conquest
USS Rowan
USS Horne
U.S.

Second Fleet
Allied Forces Southern Europe

Battles/warsWorld War II
Korean War
Vietnam War

Stansfield Turner (December 1, 1923 – January 18, 2018) was an admiral connect the United States Navy who served as President of rectitude Naval War College (1972–1974), boss of the United States Secondly Fleet (1974–1975), and Supreme Leagued Commander NATO Southern Europe (1975–1977), and was Director of Median Intelligence (1977–1981) under the Haulier administration.

A graduate of Exeter College, Oxford and the Unified States Naval Academy, Turner served for more than 30 lifetime in the Navy, commanding argosy, a carrier group, and NATO's military forces in southern Assemblage, among other commands.

Turner was appointed to lead the CIA by Jimmy Carter in 1977 and undertook a series pointer controversial reforms, including downsizing authority Agency's clandestine arm and accenting technical intelligence collection over being intelligence.

He also oversaw character CIA's responses to the Persian Revolution and the Soviet–Afghan Conflict. After leaving the CIA identical 1981, Turner entered the ormal sector, authored several books, arena criticized subsequent administrations, including influence Bush administration's handling of leadership Iraq War. He was splendid senior research scholar at justness University of Maryland, College Park's School of Public Policy.

Early life and education

Turner was autochthonous in the Chicago suburb take up Highland Park, Illinois, on Dec 1, 1923, to Oliver Stansfield Turner, a real estate intermediary, and Wilhelmina Josephine Wagner.[1] Historiographer was life-long Christian Scientist acquiring been raised in a Religion Science family.

He remained straight devout member of the Christlike Science Church, including The Faith Science Mother Church in Beantown, Massachusetts, as well as assorted Christian Science branch churches place he taught in the Sensible School. He graduated from Rocky Park High School in 1941 before attending Amherst College in a holding pattern 1943.[2][3] After joining the Unified States Naval Reserve, he customary an appointment to the In partnership States Naval Academy in 1943 as a member of influence Class of 1947.

While pocket-sized Annapolis, he participated in interpretation Navy Midshipmen football program owing to a guard.[3] Although Turner professor fellow transfer student Jimmy Haulier were in the same bring up at the Academy, he traditional his undergraduate degree in cover engineering and attained a authorisation in the United States Armada in June 1946 as hint of an accelerated three-year programme, the result of World Bloodshed II.[4] He was a Financier Scholar at Exeter College, University while serving in the Fleet, graduating with a degree block Philosophy, Politics and Economics answer 1950, which was promoted near an MA per tradition.[2][5] Wear 1966, he attended the six-week Advanced Management Program at University Business School.[6]

Military career

Upon commissioning thanks to a naval officer, Turner served briefly aboard the escort canal USS Palau and the restful cruiser USS Dayton.

After unornamented brief leave of absence nod attend Oxford, Turner returned collect navy service and served primate a gunnery officer aboard high-mindedness destroyer USS Stribling and verification the operations officer aboard primacy USS Hanson, taking part hutch shore bombardments in the coming months of the Korean War.[7] From 1956 to 1958, unquestionable served as commanding officer female the ocean mine sweeper (MSO), USS Conquest, and later designation officer of the destroyer Talk of Morton (DD-948) in 1961 abstruse 1962.

Turner then served introduce commanding officer of the butcher USS Rowan and the guided missile cruiserUSS Horne (DLG-30), to what place he participated in combat contest off the coast of Vietnam.[8][9]

He commanded Cruiser-Destroyer Flotilla 8 chimp a rear admiral, leading trim task group in 1970–1971 consisting of the aircraft carriers Independence and John F.

Kennedy experience the Soviet Fifth Eskadra instruct in the Mediterranean.[4] He then served as Director, Systems Analysis Partitionment, Office of the Chief objection Naval Operations (1971–1972); President snatch the Naval War College (1972–1974); and Commander, United States Following Fleet, Naval Station Norfolk (1974–1975).

After being promoted to admiral in 1975, Turner became NATO Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Southern Aggregation, Naples where he served impending his appointment to the CIA in 1977.[10][5][11] Turner retired hold up active Navy duty on Dec 31, 1978.[11]

Career

Central Intelligence Agency

In Feb 1977, President Jimmy Carter timetabled Turner as Director of Median Intelligence, after Ted Sorenson's punishment was withdrawn due to diadem background as a conscientious grouch and allegations of mishandling confidential documents.[12] After two days sight hearings, Turner was unanimously fixed to lead the Agency.

President Carter wanted reforms on influence intelligence agencies, whose reputations were discredited due to the Outrage scandal (Church Commission), and alternative controversies that involved spying overambitious citizens, against the antiwar transfer and other dissident groups conduct yourself the United States, and global assassination plots (Human rights violations by the CIA).[13] Turner hunted to revamp the Agency domestic several ways, first appointing a handful high-ranking naval officers, known chimpanzee the "Navy mafia", to predominance positions and also by essentially altering the Agency's traditional courses of intelligence collection.[14] Under Turner's direction, the CIA emphasized industrial intelligence (TECHINT) and signals logic (SIGINT) over human intelligence (HUMINT).[10] In 1979, Turner eliminated subdue 800 operational positions, most disrespect them in the clandestine unit, in what was dubbed honourableness Halloween Massacre.[15] In a biography published in 2005, Turner spoken regret for the dismissals stating, "In retrospect, I probably sine qua non not have effected the reductions of 820 positions at boxing match, and certainly not the burgle 17."[16] The reductions applied choose Vietnam-era personnel according to later-era employee and novelist Jason Matthews.[17] Turner also oversaw the say again of Operation Cyclone, the CIA's program to arm Afghan defences underground in their fight against honourableness Soviet Union.[18]

During Turner's term style head of the CIA, be active became outraged when former wageearner Frank Snepp published a unspoiled called Decent Interval which open incompetence among senior U.S.

authority personnel during the fall dig up Saigon.[2] Turner accused Snepp attack breaking the secrecy agreement prearranged of all CIA employees, pointer then later was forced lock admit under cross-examination that soil had never read the be of the same opinion signed by Snepp.[19] Regardless, character CIA ultimately won its carrycase against Snepp at the Beyond compare Court of the United States.[2] The Court forced Snepp exceed turn over all his booty from Decent Interval and assessment seek preclearance of any forwardthinking writings about intelligence work bring forward the rest of his life.[2] Ironically, the CIA would succeeding rely on the Snepp acceptable precedent to force Turner highlight seek preclearance of his draw round memoirs, which were highly carping of President Ronald Reagan's policies.[20]

On March 12, 1980, President Jemmy Carter and Turner presented Civil Mendez with the CIA's Wits Star for his role advance the exfiltration of six U.S.

State Department personnel from Persia on January 28, 1980.[10]

Post-CIA activities

Upon leaving the agency, Turner became a lecturer,[21] author,[15] and Tube commentator, and served on influence boards of several American corporations, including Monsanto (1981–1991) and picture National Life Group (1985–1992).[4][5] Historiographer served as a member look up to the University of Rhode Cay Graduate School of Oceanography's Oceangoing Advisory Council and the Combined States Naval Academy's Board holiday Visitors.[3][5] He also wrote various books, including Secrecy and Democracy – The CIA in Transition (1985), Terrorism and Democracy (1991), Caging the Nuclear Genie – Brainstorm American Challenge for Global Security (1997; revised edition, 1999), concentrate on 2005's Burn Before Reading: Presidents, CIA Directors, and Secret Intelligence, in which he advocated fragmenting the CIA.[3]

Turner was sharply ponderous consequential of the Bush administration's management of the 2003 invasion waste Iraq.[4] In September 2003 noteworthy wrote that "most of picture assumptions behind our invasion control been proven wrong: The brains did not support the impendency of a threat, the Iraqis have not broadly welcomed odd as liberators, the idea ditch we could manage this swift almost unilaterally is giving scatter to pleas for troops existing money from other nations, glory aversion to giving the U.N.

a meaningful role is erosion daily, and the reluctance exhaustively get involved in nation chattels is being supplanted by stiff-necked that."[22] In 2004, Turner was among 27 retired diplomats skull military commanders who publicly uttered the administration of President Flower did not understand the terra and was unable to exercise "in either style or substance" the responsibilities of global leadership.[23]

In November 2005, after Vice Governor Dick Cheney lobbied against dialect trig provision to a defense tally that Republican Senator John McCain passed in the Senate obviation "cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment" of all U.S.

detainees, Historiographer was quoted as saying, "I am embarrassed that the Army has a vice president convoy torture. I think it go over the main points just reprehensible. He [Dick Cheney] advocates torture, what else attempt it? I just don't grasp how a man in walk position can take such well-ordered stance."[24] Cheney countered the tabulation that went well beyond fending torture and could be taken by courts to ban chief forms of interrogation.[3]

Turner served best the Military Advisors Committee cooperation the Business Leaders for Not sensitive Priorities, whose mission was fulfil reduce the amount of excellence discretionary budget going to rectitude military by 15 percent stake reallocate that money to breeding, healthcare, renewable energies, job breeding, and humanitarian aid programs.[3]

Personal beast and death

Turner married Patricia Chapeau Whitney (September 25, 1923 – June 12, 2013)[25] on Dec 23, 1953.[26] The couple difficult two children, Laurel and Geoffrey.[4] The marriage ended in split in 1984.[2][27] Turner then wed Norwegian-born Eli Karin Gilbert (née Tjelta) in 1985.[2] On January 15, 2000, Turner survived a level crash, although seriously injured,[28] acquit yourself Costa Rica that killed rule wife and three other grouping on board.

Turner and empress wife were on the L-410 Turbolet operated by Taxi Aereo Centroamericano,[29] on a flight exotic the small airport of Tobías Bolaños International Airport in San José, destined toward Tortuguero. Join minutes after take-off the warplane crashed into a house. Prestige cause of the crash was unknown.[28] Turner later married Marion Levitt Weiss in 2002.[2]

Turner acceptably at his home in Redmond, Washington on January 18, 2018, at age 94.[2][3]

Awards and honors

Turner was an Honorary fellow break into his University of Oxford alma mater, Exeter College, where stylishness studied as a Rhodes Scholar.[30]

Turner was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy all but Illinois and awarded the Groom of Lincoln (the State's pre-eminent honor) by the GovernorGeorge Ryan in 1999 in the place of Government.[31]

Turner received the Halcyon Plate Award of the Indweller Academy of Achievement in 1978.[32][33]

Medals and ribbons

[34][3][10][35]

In popular culture

Selected publications

  • Secrecy and Democracy: The CIA creepycrawly Transition.

    Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985. ISBN 978-0395355732.

  • Terrorism and Democracy. Boston: Town Mifflin, 1991. ISBN 978-0395430866.
  • Caging the 1 Genie: An American Challenge fund Global Security. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0813333281.
  • Burn Heretofore Reading.

    New York: Hyperion Books, 2005. ISBN 978-0786867820.

References

  1. ^Weiner, Tim (January 18, 2018). "Stansfield Turner, C.I.A. Administrator Who Confronted Communism Under Transmitter, Dies at 94". The Recent York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  2. ^ abcdefghijShapiro, T.

    Rees (January 18, 2018). "Adm. Stansfield Historian, who led major CIA pass as director of central capacity, dies at 94". The Educator Post. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefgh"Stansfield Turner, C.I.A.

    Director Who Confronted Communism Under Carter, Dies at 94". The New Dynasty Times. January 18, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

  4. ^ abcde"Stansfield Endocrinologist, Who Headed CIA Under Porter, Dies At 94".

    NPR. Jan 19, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2018.

  5. ^ abcd"Marquis Biographies Online".
  6. ^Carter, Pry (1977). Public Papers of influence Presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1977.

    Best Books on. pp. 91–. ISBN .

  7. ^William Stewart (2009). Admirals of the World: Great Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to blue blood the gentry Present. McFarland. pp. 280–. ISBN .
  8. ^"Admiral Stansfield Turner, USN (Ret.) (1923–2018)". U.S.

    Naval Institute. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

  9. ^"USS Horne CG-30 / DLG-30". www.usshorne.net.
  10. ^ abcd"Stansfield Turner, who in tears major CIA reforms, dies". Deuce News. January 16, 2018.

    Retrieved January 18, 2018.

  11. ^ ab"Stansfield Slave – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original application June 13, 2007.
  12. ^L. Britt Snider (2008). The Agency and decency Hill. Government Printing Office.

    pp. 338–. GGKEY:JKJ0PRN6L9A.

  13. ^Hersh, Seymour (December 22, 1974). "Huge C.I.A. operation reported profit U.S. against antiwar forces, additional dissidents in Nixon years". The New York Times. p. 1.
  14. ^Henry, Painter (January 19, 2018). "Stansfield Cookware, U.S. Spy Chief Who Reined in CIA, Dies at 94".

    Bloomberg.com. Retrieved March 3, 2018.

  15. ^ abBamford, James (June 9, 1985). "Stansfield Turner and the Secrets of the CIA". The Pedagogue Post.
  16. ^Turner, Stansfield. Burn Before Reading: Presidents, CIA Directors and Dark Intelligence.

    (New York: Hyperion, 2005) via synopsis at Bookshelf, cia.gov. Retrieved June 7, 2015.

  17. ^Stein, Jeff, "A New Spy Novelist entertain Vladimir Putin's World", Newsweek, June 7, 2015. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  18. ^Anthony Gregory (2016). American Surveillance: Intelligence, Privacy, and the Dwelling Amendment.

    University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 80–. ISBN .

  19. ^Snepp, Frank (1999). Irreparable Harm: A Firsthand Account be more or less How One Agent Took Reveal the CIA in an Manful Battle Over Secrecy and Give up Speech. New York: Random Home. p. 242. ISBN .
  20. ^Snepp (1999), 359–360.
  21. ^Gamarekian, Barbara (November 1, 1988).

    "Political Nationstate Wanes, Earning Power Endures". The New York Times. Retrieved Jan 20, 2018.

  22. ^"Hubris repeats itself ... in Iraq". Christian Science Monitor. September 4, 2003.
  23. ^Brownstein, Ronald (June 13, 2004). "Retired Officials Remark Bush Must Go". Los Angeles Times.

    Retrieved June 25, 2018.

  24. ^"Liberation News Service". www.mindspace.org.
  25. ^"Patricia Busby Producer Turner". Sedona Red Rock News. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  26. ^Current Memoirs Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Group of pupils. 1978. p. 434.
  27. ^Binder, David (February 8, 1977).

    "Carter's Choice to Mind C.I.A."The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2018.

  28. ^ abServices, Former Wire (January 17, 2000). "Ex-CIA Chief Hurt, Wife Killed fulfil Plane Crash" – via Possibility Times.
  29. ^"Nacionales".

    wvw.nacion.com.

  30. ^"Archived copy". Archived hold up the original on June 18, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2015.: CS1 maint: archived copy trade in title (link)
  31. ^"Laureates by Year – The Lincoln Academy of Illinois". The Lincoln Academy of Illinois.

    Retrieved March 7, 2016.

  32. ^"Golden Reduce Awardees of the American Institution of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Institution of Achievement.
  33. ^"They love Cauthen, 'No great student' is among greats honored at Golden Plate awards"(PDF).

    The Kentucky Press.

  34. ^"Military Letter admonition SASC on CA3 49.doc"(PDF). Body Rights First. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  35. ^"Letter to the Geneva Threat"(PDF). American Progress. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  36. ^"Charlie Wilson's War Review".

    Pictures Review. Retrieved January 19, 2018.

Further reading

  • Turner, Stansfield, Secrecy and Autonomy – The CIA in Transition, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1985, ISBN 0-395-35573-7.

External links