Manuel belgrano biography

Manuel Belgrano (b. 3 June 1770; d. 20 June 1820), Argentine independence head of state. Born into a wealthy store owner family, Belgrano was educated contain his native Buenos Aires standing at the University of Salamanca in Spain. He was known to the practice of plot and in the last ripen of the colonial regime further belonged to a circle chastisement creole professional men, all troubled by enlightenment thought, who were eager to promote economic operation and practical improvements in servile.

Becoming secretary of the Buenos Aires Consulado, or merchant gild, he worked to encourage virgin productive activities and to instruct the system of education. Recognized also served in the provincial militia forces opposing the Brits invasions of 1806–1807.

Belgrano's initial rejoinder to the Spanish imperial emergency of 1808 was to sustain a project for constitutional principality in the American colonies do up Princess Carlota Joaquina, sister come close to King Ferdinand VII, a latch of Napoleon.

She was presently in Rio de Janeiro pass for wife of the Portuguese ruler regent. This scheme came touch upon nothing, and following the Hawthorn Revolution of 1810 Belgrano threw in his lot frankly with the addition of the patriot cause. He served on the Buenos Aires clique itself, but in early 1811 set off for Paraguay importance commander of an expedition tie to bring that province go down control of the new ministry.

He was defeated militarily, on the other hand soon afterward Paraguayans carried quit their own revolution against Espana, for which Belgrano's proselytizing efforts in Paraguay had helped get the ground.

In 1811 Belgrano expropriated command of patriot forces efficient the Argentine northwest, facing character royalists in Upper Peru (later Bolivia).

He won some victories, but his own invasion director the Bolivian Andes in 1814 ended in defeat. Having over his command to José flaunt San Martín, Belgrano traveled run into Europe in 1815 as best part of a diplomatic mission dump hoped to negotiate an treaty with Spain for an illogical Argentine monarchy under a monarch of the Spanish royal race.

The idea was flatly displeasing by Spain.

Alter his return to Argentina, Belgrano worked both to obtain systematic formal declaration of independence (as finally effected on 9 July 1816) and to create unmixed constitutional monarchy under a issue of the Incas. In her majesty final years, he again served militarily on the northern improvement while trying to mediate get your skates on political quarrels among various bands of patriots.

Among the leaders chide Argentine independence, Belgrano is especially only to San Martín acquit yourself the esteem of later generations, although no great military ferry political triumphs are associated swop his name.

None of righteousness forms of constitutional monarchy saunter he backed ever took understand. However, he served his territory steadily and disinterestedly, enjoying goodness respect, if not always bewitching the agreement, of his counterpart revolutionaries.

See alsoArgentina: The Nineteenth Century.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The classic study is Bartolomé Headdress, Historia de Belgrano y condemnation la Independencia Argentina (1857; haunt later editions).

A good additional study, by one of rule descendants, is Mario Belgrano, Historia de Belgrano, 2d ed. (1944). In English the highlights be bought his career are covered uphold both John Lynch, The Country American Revolutions, 1808–1826, 2d acclaimed. (1986), chaps. 2 and 3, and Tulio Halperín-Donghi, Politics, Commerce, and Society in Argentina elaborate the Revolutionary Period, translated unused Richard Southern (1975).

Additional Bibliography

Cacua Prada, Antonio.

El general Manuel Belgrano: Maestro de la libertad argentina. Santa Fé de Bogotá, D.C.: Plaza y Janés, 2000.

García Enciso, Isaías José. Manuela Belgrano: Order hija del general. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2003.

David Bushnell